GAPDH
GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is the glycolytic enzyme that oxidizes and phosphorylates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. It is treated as a housekeeping protein in molecular biology, and it also participates in signaling.
Function
In glycolysis, GAPDH catalyzes the reaction that captures energy as NADH and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate: it oxidizes its substrate, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and adds an inorganic phosphate. The reaction is the glycolytic step that links sugar oxidation to ATP production, and GAPDH’s activity sets the pace of the pathway under many conditions. The protein is abundant (often 1–5% of cellular protein), stable, and uniformly expressed — which is why it served for decades as
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