Huang-Ferrell model
The Huang–Ferrell model is a mathematical model in systems biology that describes the behavior of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. Developed in 1996 by biochemists Chi-Ying Huang and James E. Ferrell Jr., the model explains how eukaryotic cells convert gradual, continuous chemical inputs—such as a slow increase in hormone or growth factor concentrations—into rapid, switch-like decisions like cell division or cell death. By representing the physical interactions of enzymes within the cascade, the model demonstrates how biological systems filter out weak noise and respond decisively to strong chemical signals.
The model depicts the MAPK cascade as a three-tiered chain of
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